Prevention

2.2.1 Considerations by generational group

A one-size-fits-all approach to increasing physical activity is inadequate across generational age groups. By recognizing the unique challenges and opportunities presented at various life stages, policymakers and private sector entities can develop more effective strategies to increase movement.
It is important that prenatal care includes education surrounding physical activity for expectant mothers, as maternal health behaviours significantly influence their children’s future activity levels.

Age 0-4

From birth to age four, early childhood interventions are essential for establishing healthy habits regarding physical activity. Parents and caregivers, often the first point of influence, should be equipped with the knowledge and resources necessary to engage infants in active play from an early age. Policies should support accessible and safe environments for unstructured and outdoor play, alongside family-centred physical activities. Healthcare providers play a crucial role in promoting active lifestyles, advising parents on appropriate milestones in physical activity and development.

Age 5-21

Children and young adults present unique challenges due to various influences, including social media, peer pressure and exposure to marketing. Schools are a key driver of exercise in this age group, alongside the use of technology to incentivise young individuals to remain active, for example through gamification and competitive features that appeal to this demographic.

Age 22-36

Team sports encourage social connection alongside physical activity. Other considerations for physical activity in this age group should include body image, stress-related factors and mental wellbeing. Workplaces can play an effective role in facilitating and encouraging physical activity and should actively ensure non-sedentary behaviour at work.

Age 37-54

As adults face increasing risks for chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, targeted strategies are critical. Workplaces can act as a key influencer of exercise and sedentary behaviour, and there is an important role for mentorship and peer-support in this age group. The increasingly recognised importance of strength training should be factored into education and future recommendations, such as the 150 weekly minutes on exercise (WHO, 2010) or 10000 daily steps.

Adults 55-70

For adults in mid-life, promoting physical activity is essential for preventing chronic disease and maintaining cognitive and physical functions. Programmes tailored for this age demographic should factor in pre-existing and predispositions to health conditions and focus on low-impact activities, strength training, and balance exercises, that act to prevent chronic disease, sarcopenia and frailty in later life.

Age 70+

In adults aged 70 and beyond, promoting physical activity demands a nuanced understanding of age-related physiological changes and common obstacles such as diminished appetite or limited mobility. Learnings from ‘blue zone’ communities such as building activity into one’s day, social connection and peer support are important considerations in designing interventions for this age group.