Prevention

1.4.5 The food environment

Food System Design

The availability, visibility, pricing, and promotion of food items within supermarkets, convenience stores, and restaurants can nudge consumers toward healthier or less healthy choices. For example, placing fruit and vegetables at the entrance of shops or near checkouts increases their likelihood of being purchased, while the prominent display of HFSS foods encourages impulse buying and excess consumption. Studies have demonstrated that modifying shelf layouts and offering price promotions on healthier options can significantly improve dietary patterns at the population level.

Technology

Technology is increasingly being harnessed to support healthier food choices, particularly at critical moments such as the point of purchase. Food apps now provide nutritional information, personalised recommendations, and real-time alerts about healthier alternatives based on individual dietary needs. For instance, apps like FoodSwitch allow users to scan barcodes and receive healthier product suggestions, while personalised nutrition platforms use data about users’ health status and preferences to tailor dietary advice (The George Institute for Global Health, 2025). Additionally, mapping tools and apps such as HealthyOut help individuals locate restaurants and food outlets that offer nutritious meals, making it easier to access healthy options even in urban environments where such choices are often limited (Shield, 2015).

Our physical environment—including architecture, natural elements, ambient lighting, and even music—can subtly yet powerfully influence food choice and eating behaviours. Research has shown that incorporating natural light, plants, and calming colour palettes in dining spaces can promote slower eating and healthier selections, while upbeat music and bright lighting may encourage faster consumption and preference for indulgent foods. Food outlet redesigns increasingly factor in these insights; for example, some cafeterias have rearranged seating to face windows or green spaces, added soft background music, and used strategic lighting to highlight healthy menu items. These environmental cues collectively foster positive eating habits and support the adoption of healthier diets.